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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 144
NOTICE OF PROPOSED SALE OF SECURITIES PURSUANT TO RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
ATTENTION: TRANSMIT FOR FILING 3 COPIES OF THIS FORM CONCURRENTLY WITH EITHER PLACING AN ORDER WITH A BROKER TO EXECUTE A SALE OR EXECUTING A SALE DIRECTLY WITH A MARKET MAKER.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 1(a) NAME OF ISSUER (Please type or print) (b) IRS IDENT. NO. (c) S.E.C. FILE NO. Advanced Cell Technology 87-0656515
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- (d) ADDRESS OF ISSUER STREET CITY STATE ZIP CODE (e) TELEPHONE NO. ------------------------ 1201 Harbor Bay Parkway Alameda CA 94501 (510) 748-4900
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 2(a) NAME OF PERSON FOR WHOSE ACCOUNT THE (b) I.R.S. NO. (c) RELATIONSHIP (d) ADDRESS STREET CITY STATE ZIP CODE SECURITIES ARE TO BE SOLD TO ISSUER Bristol Investment Fund, Ltd. 98-0335509 Shareholder Caledonian Fund Services Limited Caledonian House 69 Dr. Roy's Dr. P.O. Box 1043 Grand Cayman KY1-1102 Cayman Islands -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- INSTRUCTION: The person filing this notice should contact the issuer to obtain the I.R.S. Identification Number and the SEC File Number -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- Name and Address of SEC USE Title of the Class Each Broker Through ONLY of Securities To whom the Securities Are --------- Number of Shares or Aggregate Market Be Sold (See instr. To Be Offered or Each Broker- Other Units To Be Value 3(a)) Market Maker who is Dealer Sold (See instr. 3(d)) Acquiring the Securities File (See instr. 3(c)) (See instr. 3(b)) Number -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- Common Stock Citigroup Prime Broker 390 Greenwich Street, 3rd Floor 177,937 $44,484 New York, NY 10013 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
Number of Shares or Approximate Date of Name of Each Securities Other Units Sale Exchange Outstanding (See instr. 3(f)) (See instr. 3(g)) (See instr. (MO. DAY YR.) 3(e)) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 81,333,064 1/10/2008 OTC BB -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
INSTRUCTIONS: 1. (a) Name of issuer. (b) Issuer's IRS Identification Number. (c) Issuer's SEC file number, if any. (d) Issuer's address, including zip code. (e) Issuer's telephone number, including area code.
2. (a) Name of person for whose account the securities are to be sold. (b) Such person's or I.R.S. Identification number, if such a person is an entity. (c) Such person's relationship to the issuer (e.g., officer, director, 10 percent stockholder, or member of immediate family of any of the foregoing). (d) Such person's address, including zip code.
3. (a) Title of the class of securities to be sold (b) Name and address of each broker through whom the securities are intended to be sold. (c) Number of shares or other units to be sold (if debt securities, give the aggregate face amount). (d) Aggregate market value of the securities to be sold as of a specified date within 10 days prior to the filing of this notice. (e) Number of shares or other units of the class outstanding, or if debt securities the face amount thereof outstanding, as shown by the most recent report or statement published by the issuer. (f) Approximate date on which the securities are to be sold. (g) Name of each securities exchange, if any, on which the securities are intended to be sold.
Furnish the following information with respect to the acquisition of the securities to be sold and with respect to the payment of all or any part of the purchase price or other consideration therefor:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- Title of Date You Nature of Acquisition Name of Person From Amount of Date of Nature of Payment the Class Acquired Transaction Whom Acquired Securities Payment (If Gift, Also Give Acquired Date Donor Acquired) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- Common Stock 9/6/06 Convertible Note Issuer 177,937 9/6/06 Cash
INSTRUCTIONS: 1. If the securities were purchased and full payment therefore was not made in cash at the time of purchase, explain in the table or in a note thereto the nature of the consideration given. If the consideration consisted of any note or other obligation, or if payment was made in installments describe the arrangement and state when the note or other obligation was discharged in full or the last installment paid. 2. If within two years after the acquisition of the securities the person for whose account they are to be sold had any short positions, put or other option to dispose of securities referred to in paragraph (d)(3) of Rule 144, furnish full information with respect thereto.
TABLE II--SECURITIES SOLD DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS
Furnish The Following Information as to All Securities of The Issuer Sold During The Past Three Months By The Person For Whose Account The Securities Are To Be Sold.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- Name and Address of Seller Title of Securities Sold Date of Sale Amount of Gross Proceeds Securities Sold -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- Caledonian Fund Services Limited Caledonian House 69 Dr. Roy's Drive P.O. Box 1043 Grand Cayman KY1-1102 Cayman Islands Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 11/16/2007 20,000 $4,033 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 11/19/2007 20,000 $3,927 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 11/20/2007 20,000 $4,033 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 11/21/2007 102,937 $27,248 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 11/21/2007 15,000 $3,961 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 12/10/2007 135,000 $28,995 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 12/12/2007 70,000 $14,010 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 12/17/2007 20,000 $3,840 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 12/20/2007 59,699 $10,089
INSTRUCTIONS: See the definition of "person" in paragraph (a) of Rule 144. Information is to be given not only as to the person for whose account the securities are to be sold but also as to all other persons included in that definition. In addition, information shall be given as to sales by all persons whose sales are required by paragraph (e) of Rule 144 to be aggregated with sales for the account of the person filing this notice. January 10, 2008 ---------------------------------------- (DATE OF NOTICE) ATTENTION: The person for whose account the securities to which this notice relates are to be sold hereby represents by signing this notice that he does not know any material adverse information in regard to the current and prospective operations of the issuer of the securities to be sold which has not been publicly disclosed. /s/ Paul Kessler ---------------------------------------- (SIGNATURE)
The notice shall be signed by the persons for whose account the securities are to be sold. At least one copy of the notice shall be manually signed. Any copies not manually signed shall bear typed or printed signatures.
ATTENTION: INTERNATIONAL MISSTATEMENTS OR OMISSION OF FACTS CONSTITUTE FEDERAL CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS (SEE 18 U.S.C. 1001).
-------------------- LIFE IS 10% HOW YOU MAKE IT AND 90% HOW YOU TAKE IT! Posts: 8929 | From: San Diego CA | Registered: Jul 2006
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Caledonian Fund Services Limited Caledonian House 69 Dr. Roy's Drive P.O. Box 1043 Grand Cayman KY1-1102 Cayman Islands
Very interesting indeed.
-------------------- All post are my opinion. Do your own DD. Who's clicking your buy/sell button!? Posts: 6125 | From: Virginia | Registered: May 2006
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This proxy, when properly executed, will be voted in the manner directed herein by the undersigned stockholder. If no direction is given, this proxy will be voted FOR the proposal to increase the number of shares issuable under the Company's 2005 Stock Incentive Plan by 25,000,000. Attendance of the undersigned at the Meeting will not be deemed to revoke this proxy unless the undersigned shall revoke this proxy in writing or shall deliver a subsequently dated proxy to the Secretary of the Company or shall vote in person at the Meeting.
-------------------- All post are my opinion. Do your own DD. Who's clicking your buy/sell button!? Posts: 6125 | From: Virginia | Registered: May 2006
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Beacon Research's TraderNotes are brief analyses on the active stocks each day that are affecting the markets. These include breaking news, insider activity, recent 52-week highs/lows, technical breakouts, and other market driving information. Beacon is the authority on research in the small cap sector, and our analysts strive each day to find the stocks that are poised to be the biggest movers before the rest of the market is aware of them.
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quote:Originally posted by T e x: What else is Bristol into?
I have found quite a bit out there Tex. Another Steve Carnes??? Still researching.
-------------------- All post are my opinion. Do your own DD. Who's clicking your buy/sell button!? Posts: 6125 | From: Virginia | Registered: May 2006
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Universal Communication Systems Inc • SB-2/A • On 7/13/06
(5) Bristol Capital Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to Bristol Investment Fund, Ltd. Paul Kessler is the manager of Bristol Capital Advisors and, accordingly, may be deemed to have voting and investment control over these securities. Mr. Kessler disclaims beneficial ownership of these securities.
Bristol Investment Fund, Ltd. (5) Caledonian Fund Services Limited 69 Dr. Roy’s Drive George Town, Grand Cayman Cayman Islands N/A 156,626,600(2) 30.67% 156,626,600(2) 0%
This is just for starters - Don't want to trash ACTC but some of the action over the last few days is from the major pumping and dumping - not all from Kessler imo.
a couple others - just search results - haven't had a chance to convert to current charts and data. Nabi Biopharmaceuticals JAWS Technologies EPICEPT CORP ADVANCED MAMMOGRAPHY SYSTEMS, INC.
There are plenty more - is there a simple way to find out just how many companies someone is holding major shares? lol
-------------------- All post are my opinion. Do your own DD. Who's clicking your buy/sell button!? Posts: 6125 | From: Virginia | Registered: May 2006
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-------------------- All post are my opinion. Do your own DD. Who's clicking your buy/sell button!? Posts: 6125 | From: Virginia | Registered: May 2006
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If it has enough buying power it won't matter right IMAKE? You dagone daytraders don't do any DD anyway!! j/k lol!!!
-------------------- All post are my opinion. Do your own DD. Who's clicking your buy/sell button!? Posts: 6125 | From: Virginia | Registered: May 2006
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Advanced Cell Technology Announces Completion of Pre-IND Meeting with the FDA for RPE Therapy for the Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Disease
Feb 1, 2008 09:28:01 (ET)
LOS ANGELES, Feb 01, 2008 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. (ACTC, Trade ) today announced that it completed discussions with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding its retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cell therapy through a type B, pre-Investigational New Drug (pre-IND) meeting concerning the regulatory pathway and requirements to file an IND to initiate human clinical trials. ACT is working with the agency to fulfill the FDA's requirements to bring its RPE cell therapy into human clinical trials for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa, Stargardt's disease, and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The RPE cells are derived from human embryonic stem cells created from ACT single blastomere cell lines under GMP compliant conditions. ACT is moving forward with its characterized RPE manufacturing process to complete the final stages of the company's preclinical testing. Should ACT successfully file an IND for its RPE therapy, the company plans to move forward with Phase I human clinical trials. ACT's Myoblast therapy, an autologous adult stem cell therapy for the treatment of heart failure, has already successfully completed Phase I human clinical trials and is moving into Phase II human clinical trials shortly.
Studies of the company's proprietary RPE cells have shown that the therapy may ultimately provide effective treatment of degenerative retinal disorders including macular degeneration, which represents a $28 billion dollar market. AMD affects more than 30 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of blindness in people over 60 in the United States. The prevalence of AMD begins to increase after the age of 50. Approximately 15% of people over 75 have the condition. To date, AMD patients have had few if any effective therapies for treatment; thus, the need for novel therapies is clear.
In November at Neuroscience 2007, researchers at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) presented results of a study that used ACT RPE cells manufactured under GMP conditions (21CFR211) at the company's facility in Worcester, Massachusetts. The RPE cells were thoroughly characterized and cryo-preserved and shipped to researchers at OHSU for transplantation. The conclusions drawn by researchers were that visual function can be rescued and preserved in this animal model of disease utilizing ACT's GMP-manufactured human ES-derived RPE cells with a functional dose threshold and that these cells may provide an effective donor cell source to rescue photoreceptors in conditions like AMD, where RPE function is compromised.
The next step in the development of the program will be to complete several safety studies utilizing the GMP-manufactured RPE cells. Pilot studies to date have shown the cells to be safe, well tolerated, and non-migratory. The Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) compliant studies are required prior to filing an IND. The safety studies will include several key areas of examination, including, tumorigenicity potential, cell tolerability, cell survival, general safety, and potential for biodistribution.
"We are pleased to complete this key milestone as we move our RPE program toward the clinic," said William Caldwell, IV, Chairman and CEO of Advanced Cell Technology. "Based upon our cell characterization data, pharmacology studies, and the overall safety profile, we are excited by the prospects for this program and the potential to treat a large unmet medical need. The successful completion of our Pre-IND meeting represents another step forward towards the filing of the IND for our RPE Program and ultimately bringing the therapy to the bedside. We are one step closer to bringing our second stem cell therapy to patients in need."
About Advanced Cell Technology, Inc.
Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. is a biotechnology company applying embryonic stem cell technology in the emerging field of regenerative medicine. The company operates facilities in Alameda, California and Worcester, Massachusetts.
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this news release regarding future financial and operating results, future growth in research and development programs, potential applications of our technology, opportunities for the company and any other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact (including statements containing the words "will," "believes," "plans," "anticipates," "expects," "estimates," and similar expressions) should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including: limited operating history, need for future capital, risks inherent in the development and commercialization of potential products, protection of our intellectual property, and economic conditions generally. Additional information on potential factors that could affect our results and other risks and uncertainties are detailed from time to time in the company's periodic reports, including the report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 2006. Forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, opinions, and expectations of the company's management at the time they are made, and the company does not assume any obligation to update its forward-looking statements if those beliefs, opinions, expectations, or other circumstances should change.
SOURCE: Advanced Cell Technology, Inc.
Media: Chad Griffin Consulting, Inc. Jordan Markwith, 310-888-3523 or Investors: CEOcast, Inc. Dan Schustack, 212-732-4300
-------------------- LIFE IS 10% HOW YOU MAKE IT AND 90% HOW YOU TAKE IT! Posts: 8929 | From: San Diego CA | Registered: Jul 2006
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Related Quotes Sym. Price Chg. ACTC Trade News 0.24 0 Advanced Cell Technology Announces Presentation of Results from Myoblast Study at ISCTR World Symposium
Feb 11, 2008 09:13:01 (ET)
LOS ANGELES, Feb 11, 2008 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. (OTCBB: ACTC - News) announced today that principal investigator Dr. Nabil Dib, M.D., M.Sc., FACC, presented results from a 23-patient study of ACT's myoblast therapy for the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) over the weekend at the International Society for Cardiovascular Translational Research (ISCTR) World Symposium in San Diego, CA. Dr. Dib presented the results as a case study of the successful translation of a therapy from scientific research to the bedside. The results of the study demonstrate long term cell survival in heart failure patients as well as strong quality of life improvements as measured by the New York Heart Association third party questionnaire, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, and the 6 minute walk results (compared to continued deterioration by the control group). Moreover, ACT's myoblast trial has been the only cell-based, FDA-approved human clinical trial that has not required the administration of anti-arrhythmic drugs or assist devices, which is in contrast to trials for bone marrow-derived and other adult stem cell therapies.
ISCTR is an annual meeting for basic and clinical scientist practicing cardiovascular disease research sponsored by the University California, San Diego, Catholic Healthcare West and the International Society for Cardiovascular Translational Research. Dr. Dib is Director, Clinical Cardiovascular Cell Therapy, University of California, San Diego, and Director of Cardiovascular Research of Catholic Health Care West's Chandler Regional Hospital and Mercy Gilbert Medical Center near, Phoenix, Arizona.
Dr. Dib enrolled 23 patients at Arizona Heart Institute with poor heart function and congestive heart failure. The control group consisted of 11 patients on standard drug therapy while the treatment group was given varying doses of 30, 100, 300, or 600 million autologous skeletal myoblast (ASM) cells. After one year, the myoblast therapy showed a favorable safety profile as compared to the control group. Likewise, secondary measures showed improvements in quality of life measures, improvements in measures of tissue regrowth and potential improvement in heart function, while the control group showed signs of heart failure progression on the same measures. The data from the study support conducting larger double-blind, placebo controlled studies. A Phase II human clinical trial has been reviewed and cleared to commence by the FDA. The planned Phase II trial will be conducted at multiple clinical centers across the country including in Arizona and California.
Patients with CHF due to myocardial infarction (damage in heart muscle) often have scar tissue in the heart, which limits the heart's ability to pump blood. In spite of optimal medical therapy and other current heart failure treatments, in the United States alone 2 million patients per year are admitted to the hospital for CHF and almost one-half million die annually. Doctors may now have the opportunity to successfully replace scarred heart tissue with healthy muscle via intracardiac injections of ASM stem cells from the skeletal muscle.
"In this study, we learned that ASM cell transplantation using a minimally invasive catheter system is safe, showed improvement in measures of quality of life, and may have the potential to improve cardiac function and electrical activity," said Dr. Dib. By using a catheter and transplanting ASM cells into scarred tissue, new living muscle can potentially be formed with limited risk to the patient. Since the transplanted stem cells are harvested from the patient's own skeletal muscles, the cells are compatible with the body, avoiding possible immune system and tissue compatibility complications. The procedure poses less risk than surgical procedures because no anesthesia is required and only a small incision is necessary for catheter access. Patients can be discharged within 24 hours of the procedure.
"We are honored that the ISCTR chose our myoblast therapy as the centerpiece for discussing how best to translate research from the bench to the bedside," stated William M. Caldwell, IV, Chairman and CEO of Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. "We remain encouraged by the data Dr. Dib presented and believe the positive 12-month data represent another step in our process of initiating a Phase II human clinical trial for our myoblast therapy. We look forward to moving the myoblast and other stem cell therapies through the clinic and ultimately to patients in need of treatment." In addition to nearing the commencement of Phase II human clinical trials for the myoblast therapy, ACT recently completed a pre-IND meeting with the FDA for its RPE program for the treatment of retinal degenerative disease. Should ACT successfully file an IND for its RPE therapy, the company plans to move forward with Phase I human clinical trials, which would position ACT with two therapies in human clinical trials as well as a third, the hemangioblast program for the treatment of blood and cardiovascular indications, in preclinical trials.
About Advanced Cell Technology, Inc.
Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. is a biotechnology company applying cellular technology in the emerging field of regenerative medicine. The company operates facilities in California and Massachusetts.
Statements in this news release regarding future financial and operating results, future growth in research and development programs, potential applications of our technology, opportunities for the company and any other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact (including statements containing the words "will," "believes," "plans," "anticipates," "expects," "estimates," and similar expressions) should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including: limited operating history, need for future capital, risks inherent in the development and commercialization of potential products, protection of our intellectual property, and economic conditions generally. Additional information on potential factors that could affect our results and other risks and uncertainties are detailed from time to time in the company's periodic reports, including the report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 2007. Forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, opinions, and expectations of the company's management at the time they are made, and the company does not assume any obligation to update its forward-looking statements if those beliefs, opinions, expectations, or other circumstances should change.
Forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, opinions, and expectations of the company's management at the time they are made, and the company does not assume any obligation to update its forward-looking statements if those beliefs, opinions, expectations, or other circumstances should change.
SOURCE: Advanced Cell Technology, Inc.
Chad Griffin Consulting, Inc. Media: Jordan Markwith, 310-888-3523 or Investors: CEOcast, Inc. Daniel Schustack, 212-732-4300
-------------------- LIFE IS 10% HOW YOU MAKE IT AND 90% HOW YOU TAKE IT! Posts: 8929 | From: San Diego CA | Registered: Jul 2006
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ITEM 8.01 Other Events. Subject to market conditions, Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. (the "Company") plans to privately offer up to $3,000,000 of convertible promissory notes (the "Securities"). The Company is providing this report in accordance with Rule 135c of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The timing of the closing of the offering will be subject to market conditions. The Company plans to use the net proceeds to fund working capital, including costs associated with planned clinical trials.
The financing is expected to be in the form of up to $3,000,000 principal amount of convertible promissory notes. The notes are expected to have a term of no more than 24 months and are anticipated to be convertible into the Company's common stock, with conversion prices based on market conditions. All terms are subject to market conditions and may vary materially from those set forth above. No assurance is given that the Company will be able to close the financing described herein, or that if a financing is closed that the terms and conditions of the financing will not differ materially from those described herein.
The offering will be conducted as a private placement made only to accredited buyers in accordance with Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. The Securities will not be registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold without registration unless an exemption from such registration is available.
This notice is issued pursuant to Rule 135c of the Securities Act, and does not constitute an offer to sell the Securities, nor a solicitation for an offer to purchase the Securities.
Statements in this report regarding future financial and operating results, future growth in research and development programs, potential applications of the Company's technology, opportunities for the Company and any other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact (including statements containing the words "will," "believes," "plans," "anticipates," "expects," "estimates," and similar expressions) should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including: limited operating history, need for future capital, risks inherent in the development and commercialization of potential products, protection of the Company's intellectual property, and economic conditions generally. Additional information on potential factors that could affect the Company's results and other risks and uncertainties are detailed from time to time in the Company's periodic reports, including the report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 2007.
Forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, opinions, and expectations of the Company's management at the time they are made, and the Company does not assume any obligation to update its forward-looking statements if those beliefs, opinions, expectations, or other circumstances should change.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.
ADVANCED CELL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
By: /s/ William M. Caldwell, IV William M. Caldwell, IV Chief Executive Officer
-------------------- All post are my opinion. Do your own DD. Who's clicking your buy/sell button!? Posts: 6125 | From: Virginia | Registered: May 2006
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Related Quotes Sym. Price Chg. ACTC Trade News 0.22 0.02 Advanced Cell Technology Demonstrates Efficient Generation of Functional Hepatocytes (Liver Cells) From Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Feb 21, 2008 12:00:02 (ET)
WORCESTER, Mass., Feb 21, 2008 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. (ACTC, Trade ) reported today for the first time a robust and highly efficient process for the generation of high-purity hepatocytes (liver cells). The research, described online (ahead of print) in the journal STEM CELLS, signifies a significant step towards the efficient generation of hepatocytes for use in regenerative medicine and drug discovery. Moreover, the research represents another one of Advanced Cell Technology's efforts aimed at the large-scale differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into critical replacement cell types. In addition to demonstrating the efficient generation of hepatocytes in research published today, the company has made significant progress in the generation of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells to treat retinal degenerative diseases and the generation of hemangioblasts to treat vascular disease as well as to create a large-scale and donorless source of red blood cells and platelets.
Two hallmarks of embryonic stem cells, their versatility and capacity for unlimited self renewal, suggest the cells could serve as a potentially inexhaustible source of cells for replacement therapy. As with other tissues, there is a scarcity of donor livers and hepatocytes, which is compounded by the low recovery and proliferative capacity of adult hepatocytes. In addition to the cells' potential use for the treatment of liver disease, hESC-derived hepatocytes could also provide a valuable model for novel pharmaceutical drug discovery assays as well as new drug metabolism and cytotoxicity screens, particularly because the liver is a major site for detoxification.
"We have established a highly-efficient method for deriving hepatocytes from stem cells that mirrors events in embryonic development," said Robert Lanza, M.D., Chief Scientific Officer at Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. and senior author of the study. "Large scale production of hepatocytes using this method should greatly bolster their applications in basic research, clinical medicine and preclinical drug discovery."
The method reported yielded synchronous populations of hepatocytes that were generated in clinically preferred conditions with minimum use of serum and cell feeders. Highly enriched populations of definitive endoderm (DE) were generated from hESCs and then induced to differentiate along the hepatic lineage by the sequential addition of inducing factors implicated in physiological hepatogenesis. The differentiation process was largely uniform with cell cultures progressively expressing increasing numbers of hepatic lineage markers. The hepatocytes exhibited functional hepatic characteristics such as glycogen storage, indocyanine green uptake and release, and albumin secretion. In an animal model of acute liver injury, the hESC-DE cells differentiated into hepatoc
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