posted
Forget the Navy's $26 a Gallon, the Air Force Paid $59 for Biofuel
The US Navy was recently lambasted by Republicans for spending $26 a gallon on biofuels during the recent RIMPAC international naval exercises; all part of its Great Green Fleet Demonstration. However little note was taken when last month the US Air Force spent $59 a gallon on biofuels to prove that alternative fuels can be used in its military aircraft; once the small price difference issue has been addressed – petrol trades at about $3.60 a gallon.
Admittedly the $639,000 the Air Force spent pales in comparison to the $12 million spent by the Navy, but the individual price per gallon is far larger. Although Keff Sheib, the vice president of Gevo, the company from whom the Air Force bought the fuel, said that the 11,000 gallons purchased were so expensive because they were from a small demonstration plant which only produces 7,500-8,000 gallons a month. Once a new, commercial sized refinery has been completed, expected to be 2015, “we believe we can be cost competitive on an all-in basis with petroleum jet fuel over the life of a contract,” he said.
the US Air Force spent $59 a gallon on biofuels to prove that alternative fuels can be used in its military aircraft
-------------------- It isn't so much that liberals are ignorant. It's just that they know so many things that aren't so. Posts: 6949 | Registered: Apr 2004
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posted
cash, teh US govt used to spend over amillion dollars on a computer that was not as powerful as my phone.
i know this is a little hard to grasp but it is how fledgling businesses get started.
The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) was a digital computer produced for the Apollo program that was installed onboard each Apollo Command Module (CM) and Lunar Module (LM). The AGC provided computation and electronic interfaces for guidance, navigation, and control of the spacecraft. The AGC had a 16-bit word length, with 15 data bits and one parity bit. Most of the software on the AGC was stored in a special read only memory known as core rope memory, fashioned by weaving wires through magnetic cores, though a small amount of read-write core memory was provided.
The AGC timing reference came from a 2.048 MHz crystal clock. The clock was divided by two to produce a four-phase 1.024 MHz clock which the AGC used to perform internal operations. The 1.024 MHz clock was also divided by two to produce a 512 kHz signal called the master frequency; this signal was used to synchronize external Apollo spacecraft systems.
The master frequency was further divided through a scaler, first by five using a ring counter to produce a 102.4 kHz signal. This was then divided by two through 17 successive stages called F1 (51.2 kHz) through F17 (0.78125 Hz). The F10 stage (100 Hz) was fed back into the AGC to increment the real-time clock and other involuntary counters using Pinc (discussed below). The F17 stage was used to intermittently run the AGC when it was operating in the standby mode. Central registers
The AGC had four 16-bit registers for general computational use, called the central registers: A : The accumulator, for general computation Z : The program counter - the address of the next instruction to be executed Q : The remainder from the DV instruction, and the return address after TC instructions LP : The lower product after MP instructions
There were also four locations in core memory, at addresses 20-23, dubbed editing locations because whatever was stored there would emerge shifted or rotated by one bit position, except for one that shifted right 7 bit positions, to extract one of the 7-bit interpretive op. codes that were packed 2 to a word. This was common to Block I and Block II AGCs. Other registers DSKY and AGC on display at the Computer History Museum. The AGC is opened up showing its logic modules. Prototype logic module from Block I AGC. Block II logic module, with flat-pack ICs. AGC dual nor gate AGC dual nor gate schematic
The AGC had additional registers that were used internally in the course of operation: S : 12-bit memory address register, the lower portion of the memory address Bank/Fbank : 4-bit ROM bank register, to select the 1 kiloword ROM bank when addressing in the fixed-switchable mode Ebank : 3-bit RAM bank register, to select the 256-word RAM bank when addressing in the erasable-switchable mode Sbank (super-bank) : 1-bit extension to Fbank, required because the last 4 kilowords of the 36-kiloword ROM was not reachable using Fbank alone SQ : 4-bit sequence register; the current instruction G : 16-bit memory buffer register, to hold data words moving to and from memory X : The 'x' input to the adder (the adder was used to perform all 1's complement arithmetic) or the increment to the program counter (Z register) Y : The other ('y') input to the adder U : Not really a register, but the output of the adder (the 1's complement sum of the contents of registers X and Y) B : General-purpose buffer register, also used to pre-fetch the next instruction. At the start of the next instruction, the upper bits of B (containing the next op. code) were copied to SQ, and the lower bits (the address) were copied to S. C : Not a separate register, but the 1's complement of the B register IN : Four 16-bit input registers OUT : Five 16-bit output registers
LOL, theres watches now with 100X more than 11 16 bit registeres... but we paid millions for that computer... and we got a baragin cuz that's how we ended with our cell phones so cheap...
now, i already know what your nxt grip e will be, we don't have the money.
we didn't have it then either.
somehow we do have moeny for everybody to text while they are driving tho....
face factws cash, our economy will be dead if we do not find ways to replace oil. it will take along time and it will cost alot of money but this is how it happens.
and we cannot wait until we can afford cuz that will never happen.
i don'r "like" it, but i also know better than to make it itno some sort of political game.
IF i dig intot his article and finsd what i expect to find? there will be some sort of ridiculousness going on, that is what matters.
but this IS how cocncepts get proven:
from your article Admittedly the $639,000 the Air Force spent pales in comparison to the $12 million spent by the Navy, but the individual price per gallon is far larger. Although Keff Sheib, the vice president of Gevo, the company from whom the Air Force bought the fuel, said that the 11,000 gallons purchased were so expensive because they were from a small demonstration plant which only produces 7,500-8,000 gallons a month. Once a new, commercial sized refinery has been completed, expected to be 2015, “we believe we can be cost competitive on an all-in basis with petroleum jet fuel over the life of a contract,” he said.
-------------------- Don't envy the happiness of those who live in a fool's paradise. Posts: 36378 | From: USA | Registered: Sep 2003
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posted
At a time like this though glass....the economy was a lot different back then.
-------------------- It isn't so much that liberals are ignorant. It's just that they know so many things that aren't so. Posts: 6949 | Registered: Apr 2004
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posted
Would you now say that it was worth it though? Looking back at what it lead to? Advancement does not come without upfront cost.
-------------------- No longer eligible for government service due to lack of tax issues. Posts: 5178 | From: Up North | Registered: Dec 2005
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posted
seriously cash, you should think about it like this, would you like to come back in 75-100 years and be asked by the people living then (your chlidren) what you were thinking abck whneyou said no, we cannot afford it?
if you have a problem with that? then you have a conscience, if you don't have a problem with it? you may lack a conscience.
there is nothing more expensive than procratination.
i know it ain't "cheap" but the only stuff that IS cheap ain't worht having is it?
-------------------- Don't envy the happiness of those who live in a fool's paradise. Posts: 36378 | From: USA | Registered: Sep 2003
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quote:Originally posted by glassman: seriously cash, you should think about it like this, would you like to come back in 75-100 years and be asked by the people living then (your chlidren) what you were thinking abck whneyou said no, we cannot afford it?
if you have a problem with that? then you have a conscience, if you don't have a problem with it? you may lack a conscience.
there is nothing more expensive than procratination.
i know it ain't "cheap" but the only stuff that IS cheap ain't worht having is it?
I wonder who the company that made the biofuels is, and who in their upper echelon has close ties with this administration. Just because a computer cost a lot and worked out great does not mean it applies to anything that is super expensive in the beginning.
I guess our economy is good enough now to afford all these high risk ventures. We should have been doing this well before the crash.
Posts: 6949 | Registered: Apr 2004
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posted
duh cash, we were doing this beofre the crash..
jus the other day you posted alink to an article about solar celss and how htey got 20 million form Obaam and i PROVED to you that 16 million came from BUSH!
your hate for Obama is beyond reason, the company has SEC filings going back to 2007
-------------------- No longer eligible for government service due to lack of tax issues. Posts: 5178 | From: Up North | Registered: Dec 2005
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so you tell me what is really differnt? computers are cheaper cuz the govt and a few big businesses kept buying them even when they cost a fortune.. a million dollars in 1970 was more like 10 million today...
Gallon Of gas 1960 25 cents , 1970 36 cents , 1980 $1.19 , 1990 $1.34 , 2009 $2.051 ,
-------------------- Don't envy the happiness of those who live in a fool's paradise. Posts: 36378 | From: USA | Registered: Sep 2003
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notice that as tax percentages went down? so didwagerat increases, but prices of housing food and gasoline did not-
in fact wages increased much less than housing or food.. taxes decreased dramatically. by about half for most people that make triple the average wage..
note carefully, taxes dropped about 50% under Reagan 1980 to 88 and wages took 30 years to double instead of the ten yrs it took from 60 to 70 and then again from 70 to 80...
funny how economics isn't so simple as it seems isn't it
-------------------- Don't envy the happiness of those who live in a fool's paradise. Posts: 36378 | From: USA | Registered: Sep 2003
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posted
the funny thing about people and economics is that "wealthy" people tend to be wealthy no matter how bad things are...
it's cuz they do waht they do. if yo tax them more? they tend to just hire more peeopl and make more money offa each hiree.. it really is that simple...
to imply that they will take their marbles and go home if you raise their taxes is dumbchit. They WANT money and htey'll do what they have to to get it. cuz that's just waht we do....
cutting taxes means they do not have to work as hard for the same amount of moeny.. it makes you lazy.
i know i know rush and glen and mitt all toldja differnt... guess why?
-------------------- Don't envy the happiness of those who live in a fool's paradise. Posts: 36378 | From: USA | Registered: Sep 2003
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quote:Originally posted by glassman: cash, teh US govt used to spend over amillion dollars on a computer that was not as powerful as my phone.
i know this is a little hard to grasp but it is how fledgling businesses get started.
The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) was a digital computer produced for the Apollo program that was installed onboard each Apollo Command Module (CM) and Lunar Module (LM). The AGC provided computation and electronic interfaces for guidance, navigation, and control of the spacecraft. The AGC had a 16-bit word length, with 15 data bits and one parity bit. Most of the software on the AGC was stored in a special read only memory known as core rope memory, fashioned by weaving wires through magnetic cores, though a small amount of read-write core memory was provided.
The AGC timing reference came from a 2.048 MHz crystal clock. The clock was divided by two to produce a four-phase 1.024 MHz clock which the AGC used to perform internal operations. The 1.024 MHz clock was also divided by two to produce a 512 kHz signal called the master frequency; this signal was used to synchronize external Apollo spacecraft systems.
The master frequency was further divided through a scaler, first by five using a ring counter to produce a 102.4 kHz signal. This was then divided by two through 17 successive stages called F1 (51.2 kHz) through F17 (0.78125 Hz). The F10 stage (100 Hz) was fed back into the AGC to increment the real-time clock and other involuntary counters using Pinc (discussed below). The F17 stage was used to intermittently run the AGC when it was operating in the standby mode. Central registers
The AGC had four 16-bit registers for general computational use, called the central registers: A : The accumulator, for general computation Z : The program counter - the address of the next instruction to be executed Q : The remainder from the DV instruction, and the return address after TC instructions LP : The lower product after MP instructions
There were also four locations in core memory, at addresses 20-23, dubbed editing locations because whatever was stored there would emerge shifted or rotated by one bit position, except for one that shifted right 7 bit positions, to extract one of the 7-bit interpretive op. codes that were packed 2 to a word. This was common to Block I and Block II AGCs. Other registers DSKY and AGC on display at the Computer History Museum. The AGC is opened up showing its logic modules. Prototype logic module from Block I AGC. Block II logic module, with flat-pack ICs. AGC dual nor gate AGC dual nor gate schematic
The AGC had additional registers that were used internally in the course of operation: S : 12-bit memory address register, the lower portion of the memory address Bank/Fbank : 4-bit ROM bank register, to select the 1 kiloword ROM bank when addressing in the fixed-switchable mode Ebank : 3-bit RAM bank register, to select the 256-word RAM bank when addressing in the erasable-switchable mode Sbank (super-bank) : 1-bit extension to Fbank, required because the last 4 kilowords of the 36-kiloword ROM was not reachable using Fbank alone SQ : 4-bit sequence register; the current instruction G : 16-bit memory buffer register, to hold data words moving to and from memory X : The 'x' input to the adder (the adder was used to perform all 1's complement arithmetic) or the increment to the program counter (Z register) Y : The other ('y') input to the adder U : Not really a register, but the output of the adder (the 1's complement sum of the contents of registers X and Y) B : General-purpose buffer register, also used to pre-fetch the next instruction. At the start of the next instruction, the upper bits of B (containing the next op. code) were copied to SQ, and the lower bits (the address) were copied to S. C : Not a separate register, but the 1's complement of the B register IN : Four 16-bit input registers OUT : Five 16-bit output registers
LOL, theres watches now with 100X more than 11 16 bit registeres... but we paid millions for that computer... and we got a baragin cuz that's how we ended with our cell phones so cheap...
now, i already know what your nxt grip e will be, we don't have the money.
we didn't have it then either.
somehow we do have moeny for everybody to text while they are driving tho....
face factws cash, our economy will be dead if we do not find ways to replace oil. it will take along time and it will cost alot of money but this is how it happens.
and we cannot wait until we can afford cuz that will never happen.
i don'r "like" it, but i also know better than to make it itno some sort of political game.
IF i dig intot his article and finsd what i expect to find? there will be some sort of ridiculousness going on, that is what matters.
but this IS how cocncepts get proven:
from your article Admittedly the $639,000 the Air Force spent pales in comparison to the $12 million spent by the Navy, but the individual price per gallon is far larger. Although Keff Sheib, the vice president of Gevo, the company from whom the Air Force bought the fuel, said that the 11,000 gallons purchased were so expensive because they were from a small demonstration plant which only produces 7,500-8,000 gallons a month. Once a new, commercial sized refinery has been completed, expected to be 2015, “we believe we can be cost competitive on an all-in basis with petroleum jet fuel over the life of a contract,” he said.
imagine this:
it's the 70s, and peeps are lining up for gasoline. So, a national effort is organized, to first, weatherize all homes; second, all businesses.
Then a national effort is focused on solar/wind/alt fuels, such that by 1998, our energy dependence is reduced by 78.5 per cent to as much as 86.4 per cent.
Looking back, some might say, "Boy, howdy, a lot folks got some free chit."
So what?
The biggest, most powerful corporations get "free chit" alla time.
Had we taken the long-term view, years ago, we could now be telling the world energy market to pucker up on our rosies.
posted
the funny part of this is that cash forgets that Bush did this for the right reasons, but everything he posts is geared to try to make Obama into some kind of crook that he jsut isn't... Obama has some serious flaws, but again this ain't one of 'em..
Bush Seeks Vast, Mandatory Increase in Alternative Fuels and Greater Vehicle Efficiency
By EDMUND L. ANDREWS and FELICITY BARRINGER Published: January 24, 2007
WASHINGTON, Jan. 23 — Vowing to reduce the nation’s thirst for foreign oil, President Bush called on Tuesday for a huge government-mandated increase in renewable fuels — mainly ethanol — and tougher mileage standards for cars and light trucks. The State of the Union Go to Complete Coverage »
It was the second year in a row that Mr. Bush made “energy security” a focal point of his State of the Union address, but his proposals on Tuesday were modest, and perhaps less achievable, than those he made a year ago when he said the nation was “addicted to oil.”
The centerpiece of Mr. Bush’s proposal, which he said would cut the projected use of gasoline by 20 percent over the next decade, was a nearly fivefold mandatory increase in the production of ethanol and other alternative fuels for cars and trucks. The most obvious beneficiaries would be makers of ethanol and other biofuels, but it could also promote the production of liquefied coal.
Mr. Bush called for a mandatory requirement that makers of fuel produce 35 billion gallons of alternative fuels a year by 2017, replacing about 15 percent of the projected gasoline use in that year.
this dorught we are in is going to bring all of this corn based ethanol stuff back in front of Congress this fall/winter or early next year...
of course,who wins the WH will determine all about who is for or against or wants to revoke the laws and for what treasons, but all of it will be a circus and the GOP will be against it if Obama is for it (assuming he wins) even if it HURTS our country and especially the farmers in teh red states, to be against it..
of course they will make some convenient reason to explain therir lies er i mean excuses er whatever they come up with... it'll be dumas chit as usual.
-------------------- Don't envy the happiness of those who live in a fool's paradise. Posts: 36378 | From: USA | Registered: Sep 2003
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-------------------- It isn't so much that liberals are ignorant. It's just that they know so many things that aren't so. Posts: 6949 | Registered: Apr 2004
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posted
cash, "Our number one job is to destroy this country to prove to people how dumb they were to elect Obama" when the right get's it Right again? i'll be there, waiting as i have been.
like is aid, there ere people inth e60's that moaned and groaned about the cost of NASA... said we can't afford, it, but the truth is we cannot afford NOT to do it....
-------------------- Don't envy the happiness of those who live in a fool's paradise. Posts: 36378 | From: USA | Registered: Sep 2003
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